Preventing Urinary Stones in Male Rabbits: Dietary & Husbandry Best Practices


Urinary calculi—bladder stones—are a common issue in male rabbits, causing straining, hematuria, and potentially life-threatening blockages⁶. Excess dietary calcium and inadequate hydration are principal factors. As an exotic-pet veterinarian with 15 years treating lagomorphs, I’ve seen how targeted diet and husbandry modifications can minimize stone formation and enhance quality of life.

Why Male Rabbits Are Prone
Male rabbits concentrate urinary calcium as they age; their smaller urethras increase obstruction risk. Even routine diets high in calcium can overwhelm renal clearance.

1. Optimal Dietary Calcium Control

2. Encourage Adequate Hydration

3. Routine Urinary Monitoring

4. Environmental Enrichment

5. Alkalinity and pH Management

Case Example: “BunBun”
BunBun, a 4-year-old neutered male, presented with hematuria and straining. Radiographs showed multiple small bladder stones. After switching to grass hay, reducing pellets by 50%, and increasing water intake via flavored hydration gels, follow-up radiographs at three months showed complete dissolution of calculi.

When Stones Require Surgery
Large, obstructive stones or complete urethral blockages necessitate surgical intervention—cystotomy to remove bladder stones or urethrotomy for distal obstructions. Prevention remains paramount to avoid anesthesia risks.

Conclusion
Male rabbits’ predisposition to urinary stones can be effectively managed through precise dietary control, hydration promotion, and regular monitoring. By prioritizing low-calcium hay, minimal pellets, and enriched environments, you’ll help your rabbit maintain crystal-free, healthy urinary tracts. Proactive care today prevents painful blockages tomorrow.


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